What Base64 is used for
Base64 turns any data into plain letters, digits and two symbols so that it can travel safely through systems that only handle text. It is used for email attachments, data URLs for small images in HTML and CSS, HTTP Basic authentication headers and the parts of a JSON Web Token.
Standard and URL-safe Base64
Standard Base64 uses + and / and pads the end with =. The URL-safe variant replaces them with - and _ and drops the padding, so the result can be placed in a web address. The decoder accepts both forms.