How to find dead or stuck pixels
Look slowly across the screen on each color. On the black screen, look for points of light: those are stuck or "hot" pixels, and bright patches near the edges are backlight bleed. On white, look for dark dots, which are dead pixels. The red, green and blue screens reveal faults in individual sub-pixels that are invisible on white.
When to run the test
Run it as soon as you unbox a new monitor, laptop, phone or TV, while the return period is still open, and before buying a used device.